Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)

HCCI has characteristics of the two most popular forms of combustion used in SI (spark ignition) engines- homogeneous charge spark ignition (gasoline engines) and CI engines: stratified charge compression ignition (diesel engines). As in homogeneous charge spark ignition, the fuel and oxidizer are mixed together. However, rather than using an electric discharge to ignite a portion of the mixture, the density and temperature of the mixture are raised by compression until the entire mixture reacts spontaneously. Stratified charge compression ignition also relies on temperature and density increase resulting from compression, but combustion occurs at the boundary of fuel-air mixing, caused by an injection event, to initiate combustion. The defining characteristic of HCCI is that the ignition occurs at several places at a time which makes the fuel/air mixture burn nearly simultaneously. There is no direct initiator of combustion. This makes the process inherently challenging to control. However, with advances in microprocessors and a physical understanding of the ignition process, HCCI can be controlled to achieve gasoline engine-like emissions along with diesel engine-like efficiency. In fact, HCCI engines have been shown to achieve extremely low levels of Nitrogen oxide emissions (NOx) without an aftertreatment catalytic converter. The unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are still high (due to lower peak temperatures), as in gasoline engines, and must still be treated to meet automotive emission regulations. Recent research has shown that the use of two fuels with different reactivities (such as gasoline and diesel) can help solve some of the difficulties of controlling HCCI ignition and burn rates. RCCI or Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition has been demonstrated to provide highly efficient, low emissions operation over wide load and speed ranges HCCI provides up to a 30-percent fuel savings, while meeting current emissions standards. Since HCCI engines are fuel-lean, they can operate at a Diesel-like compression ratios (>15), thus achieving higher efficiencies than conventional spark-ignited gasoline engines.[1] Homogeneous mixing of fuel and air leads to cleaner combustion and lower emissions. Actually, because peak temperatures are significantly lower than in typical spark ignited engines, NOx levels are almost negligible. Additionally, the premixed lean mixture does not produce soot.[2] HCCI engines can operate on gasoline, diesel fuel, and most alternative fuels.[3] In regards to gasoline engines, the omission of throttle losses improves HCCI efficiency Controlling HCCI is a major hurdle to more widespread commercialization. HCCI is more difficult to control than other popular modern combustion engines, such as Spark Ignition (SI) and Diesel. In a typical gasoline engine, a spark is used to ignite the pre-mixed fuel and air. In Diesel engines, combustion begins when the fuel is injected into compressed air. In both cases, the timing of combustion is explicitly controlled. In an HCCI engine, however, the homogeneous mixture of fuel and air is compressed and combustion begins whenever the appropriate conditions are reached. This means that there is no well-defined combustion initiator that can be directly controlled. Engines can be designed so that the ignition conditions occur at a desirable timing. To achieve dynamic operation in an HCCI engine, the control system must change the conditions that induce combustion. Thus, the engine must control either the compression ratio, inducted gas temperature, inducted gas pressure, fuel-air ratio, or quantity of retained or re-inducted exhaust

AGC Compact is available in Romania by Supergaz Fuel System Bucharest Compact is the newest product offered by Auto-Gaz Centrum. It is an innovative and technologically advanced LPG/CNG electronic control unit. It is equipped with latest-generation processor, thus after installation and calibration it is fully compatible wiTH The Compact ECU is equipped with an advanced function the AAS (Automatic Adjustment System) which ensure faultless and smooth engine working. The small and functional cover of the ECU enables quick assembly in any car. COMPACT is dedicated to 4-cylinder cars powered by gasoline. Thanks to an integrated pressure sensor number of required connections has been reduced to the minimum. Very important feature of COMPACT is the option of RPM readouts and the control of rotation signal sensitivity. The ECU is also equipped with an intuitive user’s interface and a function of automatic detection of the communication port. Additionally, designed a special option (depletion) dedicated to Mazda cars. COMPACT is easy to use thanks to the Easy Start (ES) functions and the Auto-adaptation features that responsible, among the others, for instant corrections. Additionally, the Double Memory function is provided, responsible for secure software updates (Compact Setup). For the users' comfort, there is designed multifunctional and easy-to-use switch. Additional comfort of driving is ensured by optimized injector heating-up system. The COMPACT ECU meets the standards of OBDII / EOBD on-board diagnostics. In the European Union, gas vehicles supplying is considered as a serious alternative to traditional power. The main point for the LPG installation in cars is a concern for the environment. Promoting the development of thegas supply in Poland, Auto-Gaz Centrum has been a member of the Coalition for the autogas. Thinking aboutthe future of alternative power we share our knowledge with the youngest generations. Since 2009 we beganworking with the Automobile High School in Radom. engineers give tuition about the automotive gasinstallations in form of demonstration for students while testing the systems and components at the schoolworkshops. a sequential (multi-port) injection system, Auto-Gaz Centrum made by Zenit. Just started the under hood install yesterday. Almost done under hood. Need to run high pressure line and tidy-up wiring still. Next I will be installing the tanks in the rear (spare tire well). Here's some pics for now. KIT Injectors plumbed to intake manifold Pressure regulator wired and plumbed

CHINESE DEVELOPMENT OF ALFA ROMEO 166 PREVIEWED AT THE GUANGZHOU MOTOR SHOW.

Many Alfa Romeo executives and enthusiasts should pay attention to the “VIP LOUNGE show-car” one of the top-six Chinese carmakers has recently unveiled at the Guangzhou Motor Show. The reason is easily said: that show car is a preview of the sport sedan that Stilebertone (see focus story attached) is designing for Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. (GAC). Until recently, GAC has been renowned for its flourishing joint-ventures with Honda and Toyota and the only big state-owned carmaker that has not cars with its own brand so far. Last year GAC built some 510.000 high quality Toyotas and Hondas. However, having obtained the license to also manufacture automobiles cars with its own brand from the Chinese government, GAC are ready to move into the passenger car territory To this aim, last year they have approved a business plan calling for investments reaching 6.8 billion Yuan ($916 million last year). In 2007, the company presented three concept-cars at the Guangzhou Auto Show and said that their first model would be a sedan to be positioned slightly below the limousine level but above the intermediate middle-class sedan. This perfectly matches the description of the Alfa Romeo 166 which production was stopped in Italy, in spring 2007. Not because the car was obsolete but because weak sale did not justify its unprofitable production. Indeed, it has been recently confirmed that, to save time and money the Chinese have been quick to buy from the Fiat Group Automobiles the rights, equipment and tools used for the manufacturing of the Alfa Romeo flagship, the Alfa Romeo 166.GAC TRUMPCHI In China, the construction of a new car plant with annual capacity of some 100,000 units per year is progressing quickly. Subsequently the plant would be expanded to reach a potential capacity of 200,000 cars and 250.000 engines. Now there is a very good chance that the “Chinese Alfa Romeo 166″ named inside as the “VIP Lounge” has the sort of design that will set a trend in China. I have not seen the new GAC sports sedan, just some renderings and pictures. Obviously I am also very eager to discover its style. I have learned from my sources in China that the car looks modern and attractive, even though it is not too progressive and makes more than a concession to the Chinese understanding of a luxury and dynamic sport sedan. As such the “GAC VIP Lounge” is expected to come with the potential of challenging the BMWs and Audis built in China. The new GAC has been engineered in Turin by UTS (contracted by COMAU) which means that its build quality and capability should be at least as good as any European-built sedan and the car can meet the European safety standards. This seems not to be the case with the Chinese engines yet and their ability to pass the European emission tests. Speaking in an earlier interview, Huang Xiangdong, deputy general manager and head of the company’s R&D team said: ”The cars will carry our own powertrains.” They belong to the latest Chinese generation but GAC have plans for export to Europe and the U.S.A. soon. The new GAC is the third public example of a European car redesigned for China, after the Roewe 750 and Roewe 550. Apparently based on Honda bits, this handsome four-door coupe will reportedly hit the road in 2010 as an all-new Chinese branded model from GAC, the company that currently builds the Accord in a joint venture with Honda. It looks way better than the Accord. Companion vehicle to the GAC four door is this very nice coupe-convertible. Again apparently based on Accord bits -- and again way better looking that the original Honda -- it's also scheduled to make its debut in 2010.

uses ordinary water as fuel? No it's not science fiction, it is not waiting to be rolled off the assembly line and it does not cost thousands of dollars!!!

Convert Your Car or Truck to Use Water + Gasoline and Easily Double or Even Triple Your Gas Mileage For Free Today! 100% Water Car Plans 100's of inventors are working away at developing a 100% water burning engine. Some are even rumored to have built successful technologies. The most famous is Stan Meyer, that some claim was murdered to ensure we keep buying gas. Others sell these plans from $20 to $300, we'll included them free, if you order right now. This technology is used by thousands and thousands of people, yet it's still hard for many people to get their heads around it. Many have focused too much on what they may have learned in school, people who doubt this technology have never tried it. The only way to truly know is to TRY IT FOR YOURSELF today at no risk and see the results. Just What Am I Getting Here? When you place your order below you are getting access to download this very important eBook and videos: This book and videos contain all the information for all types of vehicles including cars, trucks, big rigs, gas/diesel, all vehicle types are included. This book is only available online from us and they are not available in any store. They are also available in the language of your choice including English, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, French, Japanese, Chinese, Russian and German. Why an electronic book instead of an ordinary one? The reason is important and responsive to what is an ever-evolving market. Water and hydrogen run cars are going to be big business in the near future and we expect many modifications and updates to take place as the technology becomes even more in demand. Thanks to all the wonderful feedback from our satisfied customers, Hybrid WaterPower continues to evolve and improve, increase fuel efficiency to the limits. This is happening fast. When you buy information in this eBook form, there is no need to pay for updates or an additional book just to keep up with the times. You'll get immediate FREE access to all future updates! In this eBook, you will discover step-by-step how to quickly build and install the powerful water fuel system shown below for next to nothing, all using simple tools at home, and you'll learn how to save tons of money every time you drive. Smaller systems sell on the internet between $900-$1400 AND THEY ARE WORTH EVERY PENNY! But the biggest problem for you is that the systems are "secret" and they will not tell you how to replicate them. That means for each of your friends, family, or clients they'll have to fork over $1,000s to enjoy the gas saving you enjoy in your car or truck. Why not enjoy the benefits of a water fuel system right now. Well now you can enjoy the benefits without waiting. And that's what you'll get right now with this package, you'll get all the information, all secrets revealed. You can enjoy the Hybrid WaterPower technology right now! It is not impossible and you do not have to wait for permission from anyone! No secrets are withheld! You can even resell the information or the units you assemble for as much as you want and start your own very lucrative gas saving business today! Assemble Your Own Hydrogen on Demand System! You can make your own Hybrid WaterPower device using the following components and just a few basic tools: The Hydrolyzer Housing - Our unique design houses all the water fuel generation parts in a single unit. Unlike other designs that require 2 or more units, which most vehicles just don't have the space for. Plus, separate devices means more rubber housing through out the engine, complicating installation. Made with high temperature plastics it's much more durable than other designs that rely on glass jars which can shatter. Max Cell - After years of testing, we've come up with the most efficient design for generating HHO gas. We tried everything, including stainless steel spirals. Nothing works like our design. We discovered a few secrets that triple production of HHO gas without increasing battery load. Everything is revealed in the Hybrid WaterPower eBook. O2 Sensor Enhancer - This ingenious technology tricks your engine into reducing fuel consumption all without modifying the electronics in your car. Without this, saving gas is next to impossible. Safety Bubbler - While On-Demand HHO gas generation is extremely safe, we've added additional safety protection. Unlike other systems, our design integrates this into the housing making the Hybrid WaterPower system one of the smallest on the market. This is very important for cars built after the year 2000 where space in the engine bay is minimal. Efficient Vacuum Routing - Our unique design allows the Hybrid WaterPower system to send the right amount of HHO gas to your engine as it needs it. As your RPM raises, more HHO gas is released into your engine, ensuring maximum fuel saving benefits. Secure Mounting System - We don't recommend using "Bungee Cords" like other systems that rattle in your engine bay and sometimes fail off. The Hybrid WaterPower system is built to last so we've included instructions on properly installing the system so it's safe, quiet and secure. Electrical Fuse Protection - All our electrical connections are protected by industrial grade fuses ensuring your electrical systems are safe. Ignition System - A simple connection configures the Hybrid WaterPower system to power on only when your car is running. All you have to do is start your car and begin saving GAS. No need to open your hood each time to start the device.

50-State Legal Water Injection for Turbo Diesel Engines

You can fully expect to GAIN a minimum of 30% more horsepower. You can also fully expect to GAIN a minimum 30% increase in fuel economy. That's right, we said minimum! Also, eliminates the need for soot recovery systems, drastically reduces emissions including NOX emissions. Does not require computer manipulators and no need for altering emissions components; longer oil life; drastically reduces blow-by pressure; cleans up all fuels including crude methane and all natural gases; cleans up diesel fuels and all rated fossil fuels, including kerosene, while raising the BTU rate, in turn releasing more energy for combustion stroke. Our system uses no more than 10 amps in the power core. Never needs cleaning internally. Drastically lowers turbo-charge temps going into the engine. NOTE: Prior to installation of the AquaTune D unit, we require a dyno report no older than two (2) months on all rolling vehicles and marina. After installation is completed, another dyno will be taken and a copy given to the customer. Any work done on the vehicle after the first dyno, it will have to be re-dynoed. 3 year, 300,000 mile warranty on parts and labor, whichever occurs first. Upon request we offer a 2 year, 200,000 mile extended warranty. All installs are done ONLY by a qualified and authorized facility. No exceptions! This is for both within the US and out of country distributor/installers. All mobile installers will also be qualified and authorized. - How the AquaTune D Unit Works http://www.aquatune.com/aquatune_d_gallery.php AquaTune Hydrogen Fuel Systems Inc. 3913 FM 3211 Caddo Mills, TX 75135 Phone 1: 903.527.3546 Phone 2: 903.527.3563 Phone 3: 469.261.1492 •AquaTune is half water injection and half hydrogen production •AquaTunePlus outperforms All other systems on the market! •Our system produces 2.5L Hydrogen per minute at 8 atmospheric pressure, using only 1.5 amps; •Never needs cleaning; •Never needs manipulation of computer sensors, even on OBDII vehicles; •We guarantee and you can expect to gain a minimum of at least 25% increase in mpg and up to 30% in hp; •Gets rid of all turbo lag; •Can now use regular fuel instead of premium grade fuel; •Will not interfere with emissions or any sensors; •Lowers oil temp. by 25 degrees; •Eliminates ALL pre-detonation problems; •Longer time between oil changes; •Removes all carbon in engine and, therefore, prolongs engine life; •Will not harm the engine or the system if you run out of water; •System has a one year warranty on the processor, extended warranty available; Extended warranty is automatic when system installed by an authorized installer; •Established 1972 - We've come a long way since then; •Tech. support available - we still give the human touch; •Open six days per week - hours are Mon.-Fri. 8:30-6:00 (except on Wed., Open 'til 5:00) and Saturday, 10:00-4:00, Central Time; •Every kit complete including vehicle specific installation instructions; •Will not void new car warranty. See US code - title 15, Chapter 50, Sec. 2302-2312 of the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act. •Easy to see why we are, without a doubt, the best on the market! Distributors For questions and/or Tech. Support call: Nick @903-527-3546 We are currently offering AquaTune systems through local distributors. If you are not able to find a distributor in your geographical area, please contact Direct Sales at 903-527-3546. AquaTune systems can be purchase in person at the following distributors: AquaTune of Fairbanks Darla Ward, Dealer/Installer (your contact person for Alaska) email: aquatuneof_fairbanks@yahoo.com AquaTune of Northern California Ronald (Dusty) Rhodes, Distributor (serving the greater Northern California area) email: info@hydrogen-fuel-systems.com 510-845-0526 AquaTune Hydrogen Hybrid of Northern Massachusetts Mike Foley, Distributor (your contact for Northern Massachusetts, north of I-90) 978-912-1020 email: mike@usejack.com AquaTune of Southern Massachusetts Sal Rizzo, Distributor (your contact for Southern Massachusetts, south of I-90) 617-328-7254 617-212-9681 (cell) email: sal.rizzo@hotmail.com AquaTune of Southern Minnesota Stephen Springer, Dealer/Installer 218-371-5429 (cell) email: stephen_springer06@hotmail.com AquaTune of Northern Ohio David & Lois Miller 330-464-6776 email: lois@emypeople.net AquaTune of Texas Dale A. Wesson, Distributor Craig Hudson, Distributor 972-769-5250 email: dalewesson@verizon.net AquaTune of Southwestern Virginia Reford Eller, Dealer/Installer (your contact for SW Virginia & NE Tennessee) 276-669-5002 email: ellerskk@yahoo.com AquaTune of Northern Washington Robert (Bob) Gress, Distributor 206-406-8041 email: rjg4usa@gmail.com AquaTune of Southern Wisconsin Phillip Meinholz, Distributor 608-347-0161 email: phlip@fastmail.fm AquaTune of Alberta, Canada Leonard Wiebe, Distributor/Installer 403-545-6241(shop) or 403-894-8774 (cell) email: wiebeleonardwiebe@hotmail.com AquaTune of Ontario, Canada Elroy Wagler, Distributor 519-595-4261 email: aquatune@cyg.net Solomon Wagler, Distributor 519-866-5146 email: aquatunesolomon@gmail.com AquaTune of Quebec, Canada Daniel Larocque, Distributor 514-816-4322 email: plasma.dl@lycos.com *Prices for AquaTune systems may vary by distributor depending upon location, sales tax, installation services provided, and other variable not controlled by AquaTune. International Orders PRODUCT PRICE Motorcycle & Marine Kit For pricing and ordering information, contact your local distributor directly. If you are unable to find a distributor in your geographical area, please contact Direct Sales at 903-527-3546 For international shipping fees, contact Home Office at 1-903-527-3546 or email: info@aquatune.com Adapters AquaThrustPlus AquaTunePlus Which kit is right for you? The standard AquaTune is utilized on vehicles '96 or older and with this kit, these vehicles will achieve everything that we promise. The AquaTunePlus kit is r ecommended for vehicles '97 and newer and on Honda's that are '95 and newer. These newer vehicles computers (OBDII) are more sensitive and this kit does a better job in communicating with these vehicles to both read and receive the newer, wider range of fuel values. This unit utilizes a downstream generator that must be hooked up to a 12-volt power source. Only two wires to hook up, one positive and one negative. When in high altitude locations and for ALL flex-fuel vehicles, the AquaThrustPlus units are recommended. NOTE: Per manufacturers recommendations, the O2 sensor needs to be replaced every 60,000 miles. We recommend replacing only the one in front of the CAT converter and replacing it only with an OEM, in other words, not after-market. •AquaTune is half water injection and half hydrogen production •Produces 2.5L of hydrogen per minute at 8 atmospheric pressure using 1.5 amps. •More horse power and a higher torque range throughout the power band! •From 25% and up increase in fuel economy! •Up to 30% increase in horse power! •Gets rid of harmful carbon deposits! •Pass previously failed DEQ checkouts! •Will not interfere with emissions. •Now available for most all motorcycles. Also for boats and racing applications. (Excludes 2 cycle engines.) •We have a 30-day Money-back guarantee. •Lowers oil temps by average 25 degrees. •Longer time between oil changes. •Eliminates pre-detonation. •Eliminates turbo lag. •Never needs computer manipulators even on OBDII vehicles. •Now able to use regular fuel instead of premium. •Drastically prolongs engine life. •Will not harm the engine even if you run out of water. •Will not void new car warranty. •6 day per week tech. support. •Available kit complete, including vehicle specific installation instructions. •System has a two year warranty on the processor, extded warranty available. Extended warranty is automatic when system is installed by an authorized installer: AquaTune is a highly precise injection system consisting of air injection, water injection and an ultra-sonic air regulator, also utilizing a hydrogen generator. This amazing device allows you to put money back in your pocket through our aqua tuning. About AquaTune Water Injection System(TM) This is a finely tuned water injection system and hydrogen fuel system unlike any other system on the market, giving atomization of water and air before going into the engine where it is further atomized, here in turn it collides with the fuel molecules making a highly explosive mixture and expanding the fuel. As this mixture goes into the combustion chamber a marvelous thing happens - a chain reaction. All carbon starts immediately being removed inside the engine to the same state it was in when it was new. This happens because hot carbon and water don’t mix, somewhat like nitro colliding with glycerine and small carbon deposits going by valve seats and helping to break off other deposits...giving a clean sweet machine with a much higher compression ratio and a more complete burning of fuels, making in essence a half steam engine, half gas engine. This makes for a sweet tune, efficient combustion and 15% to 30% more horsepower. It’s been well known for many years, and still is today, that the steam engine is the most powerful of all engines and still used on aircraft carriers for catapulting jet fighters off the carrier. Also, the water injection was used on the P-38 fighter planes during WW II and at their high altitudes gave the engine a whopping 68% more horse power. Therefore, at 2500 feet above sea level you could expect 38% more horse power; of course, that does depend on the condition of the engine and how well it has been tuned. So here is what can be expected from our aqua tuning system: from 25%, to even higher, more miles per gallon. The car can operate on regular fuel, this is true for all vehicles. It gets rid of all harmful carbon deposits. More horse power and a higher torque range. This also helps keep the oil cleaner and helps to maintain oil viscosity because of the absence of bi-products of unburned fuel and carbons that can contaminate the oil. It also reduces emissions, lowers CO, lower HC and lower NOX. Secondly, AquaTune is like no other water injection system in that it is, in actuality a fuel cell hydrogen processor. It produces hydrogen-rich bubbles and hydrogen gas at 1.5 liters per minute before being introduced into the engine draft. After this it becomes an even more highly enriched hydrogen as it collides with hot metals and combustion and it drops the engine combustion temperature down. Now the engine timing can be advanced up to 7 degrees over factory specifications, if so desired. On computerized vehicles this is not necessary. AquaTune is a highly precise injection system consisting of air injection, water injection and an ultra-sonic barometric pressure chamber giving off ultra-sonic frequencies which in turn are splitting the hydrogen from the oxygen creating hydrogen-rich bubbles and hydrogen gases. This in turn gives a promise of 25% better fuel mileage and up to 30% more horse power. This pressure chamber adjusts to any altitude and is not affected by heat. Because the unit is anodized inside and out it resists corrosion. To further resist corrosion we use nickel-plated nipples going into and out of the unit. It has stainless steel water jetting and internal micron filtration with up to 6 microns assuring that it will never stop up. Note: most people are reporting from 35% to even higher better fuel mileage. In part, this is due to a much higher torque range and horse power because your foot is much higher on the gas pedal to achieve your best miles per hour. We find that most vehicles use two (2) quarts of water to 15 gallons of fuel, depending on driving conditions. At times, we also add a 1/1 ratio of 70% by volume Isopropyl alcohol for added horsepower. This same mixture should be added to the water source in cold climates to keep it from freezing. The Isopropyl alcohol can be purchased at any drugstore or pharmacy. We highly recommend the use of distilled water to avoid possible mineral buildup. At the time of installation it is advisable to have a good baseline of fuel economy and a tune-up with non-platinum plugs and to make certain that the O2 sensor is in good operating condition to ensure the highest achievements from your AquaTune system. Each injection unit is bench tested for top quality and to be trouble free. So you see that with this system it’s like getting your fourth tank free. Clearly you can see you have all to gain and nothing to lose. We have a 30-day money-back guarantee and we guarantee the unit with a five-year warranty on parts and workmanship. (NOTE: Warranty void if unit has been tampered with.) We are the AquaTune Company since 1972 and our best advertising comes from you! info@aquatune.com For questions and/or Tech. Support call: Nick @903-527-3546 We are currently offering AquaTune systems through local distributors. If you are not able to find a distributor in your geographical area, please contact Direct Sales at 903-527-3546 50-State Legal Water Injection for Turbo Diesel Engines REDUCE YOUR EGTs ON THE ROAD AEM has released the first ever 50-state legal Water Injection System for later-model Chevy, Dodge and Ford Turbo Diesels. This system allows users to legally install water injection on specific Turbo Diesels that are used on highways and surface streets in all 50 United States. REDUCED EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURES When properly introduced, water injection can promote safer engine operation by reducing exhaust gas temperatures (EGTs). This makes it ideal for Diesel engines under heavy loads and towing up grades. This technology is proven to reduce exhaust gas temperatures. CARB EO APPLICATIONS The California Air Resources Board Executive Order (CARB EO) for select applications is D-392-35 (please see applications, below). Water Injection System Model Year Model Engine 30-3111 2001-2010 Chevy Silverado HD, Kodiak, Express, GMC Sierra HD, TopKick, Savanna, Hummer H-1 Alpha 6.6L Duramax 1994-2003 Ford F-Series Pickup, Excursion, E-Series Van 7.3L Powerstroke 2003-2007 Ford F-Series Pickup, Excursion 6.0L Powerstroke 2003-2010 Ford E-Series Van 6.0L Powerstroke 2008-2010 Ford F-Series Pickup 6.4L Powerstroke 2003-2007 Dodge Ram Pickup 5.9L Cummins 2008-2010 Dodge Ram Pickup 6.7L Cummins 50-STATE LEGAL WATER INJECTION FEATURES •CARB EO D-392-35 for specific Chevy, Dodge and Ford Turbo Diesels (see application chart above) •Heavy-duty 200 PSI injection pump provides quiet, smooth operation •Integrated “Boost Safe” feature monitors injection system for failures or low fluid conditions and can notify user (LED included) or activate safety strategy •Machined billet injector with integral check valve (red nozzle for 50-state legal system) •Factory set, boost-referenced progressive HD controller •Low-profile, five-gallon water tank includes low fluid sensor and is easy to mount! (“Water Only” stamped on cap) A CARB decal is included with every 50-State Legal Water Injection Kit. Low-profile five gallon water tank with “Fill With Water Only” stamped on the cap. An integral low fluid sensor is included. Note the tank’s anti-slosh baffling. A CNC machined nozzle with an integral check valve is included. The hard anodized red tip denotes that it is for AEM’s 50-State Legal Water Injection Kit. A factory set, boost-referenced progressive heavy-duty controller ensures consistent water delivery to the inlet. AEM’s unique “Boost Safe” failsafe feature triggers an output signal if the HD controller detects an error in the system (eg: short, broken wire, bad connection, blown fuse, high or low voltage condition). A heavy-duty, 200 PSI injection pump is quieter and smoother than switch-style pumps. AEM’s pump includes an internal bypass design to eliminate erratic on/off switching and features a Santoprene diaphragm with ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) seals for longevity. INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF THE 50-STATE LEGAL WATER INJECTION FOR TURBO DIESEL ENGINES FROM PRO PICKUP The AEM Water/Methanol Injection kit with 1 gallon tank includes all the elements necessary to do water/methanol injection right on nearly every forced induction gasoline vehicle. Imagine having the benefits of a super efficient intercooler and race gas-like detonation control but for hundreds of dollars less and all packaged in a complete kit. Run more boost and ignition timing to gain as much as 20% more horsepower while still using pump gas! Key Features Comes loaded with more standard high quality features and functionality than any other comparably priced system available, including: · 1 Gallon tank with built in low level switch · Boost referenced progressive controller · “Boost Safe” readiness safety system · One machined billet injector with integral check valve to prevent unintended flow · Three interchangeable injector nozzles to cover a wide range of HP levels · Recirculation-style pump with integral fittings · LED dash light for system status and low fluid warning · 20 ft. of injection tubing How Water/Methanol Injection Works Reduce Inlet Air Charge Temperatures Water/methanol injection helps to reduce inlet air charge temperatures and suppress detonation. A highly atomized mist of water/methanol mix is injected into the inlet airstream where it immediately starts to evaporate. The air charge temperature is reduced through evaporative cooling as the fluid changes states and goes from a liquid to a vapor. This “liquid intercooling” effect can reduce intake air temperatures by as much as 100°F or more! A cooler, denser air charge delivers more oxygen that allows for more fuel to be burned and more horsepower to be made. A cooler air charge also helps increase the knock threshold by reducing the chance of pre-ignition and detonation. Reduce Knock Combined, water and methanol can significantly increase your effective anti-knock index allowing for higher boost pressures and more ignition timing advance. Water absorbs heat which allows it to reduce excessive combustion temperatures and slow down the combustion rate. By slowing and controlling the combustion rate the chance of detonation occurring is greatly reduced. Methanol is a cool burning, high anti-knock rated fuel that also helps to cool and control combustion. Reduce Carbon Deposits Water/methanol injection will reduces carbon deposits inside the combustion chamber and in the intake manifold. Many engines use Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) for emissions control which can lead to massive carbon build up inside the air intake. Water/methanol injection will help to eliminate this build up and promote better airflow for better engine efficiency. Reducing carbon build up in the combustion chamber helps to reduce “hot spots” that can cause unwanted pre-ignition and detonation. In some instances, water/methanol injection can also slightly increase fuel economy. AEM Water/Methanol Injection Results 1991 Plymouth Laser w/Stock 4G63 TD04 Turbo and AEM EMS 30-6300. Pump gas run 18psi, 11:1 AFR, 10 degrees ignition timing. Race gas run 18psi, 11:1 AFR, 18 degrees ignition timing. Pump gas and Water/Methanol 18psi, 11:1 AFR, 25 degrees ignition timing. Dyno Results Horsepower: Race Gas vs Water/Meth & Pump Gas Dyno Results Torque: Race Gas vs Water/Meth & Pump Gas Comes Loaded With Standard Features The AEM Water/Methanol Injection System comes loaded with more STANDARD features and high quality components than any other comparably priced injection system available on the market today. While some other systems are only available with a small tank or without a tank at all, the AEM injection kit comes standard with a 1 gallon tank with built-in low level switch. The “Boost Safe” injection readiness safety system comes standard in all AEM Water/Methanol Injection Systems. One machined billet aluminum injector and three interchangeable nozzles are included to cover a wide range of potential horsepower levels. The injector features an integral check valve that prevents unintended fluid flow. 20 feet of injection tubing facilitates the system being installed on practically any vehicle. Boost Referenced Progressive Controller The AEM Water/Methanol Injection System uses an on-demand boost referenced progressive controller to drive a high pressure injection pump. Basing injection progressively on manifold pressure allows for the correct amount of water/methanol to be injected at all points along the engine’s power curve. At lower boost levels where only a small amount of water/methanol flow is needed, the controller drives the pump at low speed delivering the necessary flow rate. As boost increases, along with intake air temperatures increasing as well, the controller increases the pump speed allowing for more water/methanol to be injected into the engine, helping to cool and control combustion when it’s needed most. “Boost Safe” Readiness Safety System The progressive controller has a unique system readiness failsafe called “Boost Safe” that monitors the entire injection system. If at any time the controller detects an error, the “Boost Safe” output will trigger a ground signal. The “Boost Safe” output will activate if there is a short, loss in continuity from a broken wire or bad connection or a high or low voltage condition. The fluid tank comes fitted with a pre-installed low level switch and in the event the fluid level begins to get too low, the “Boost Safe” output will activate notifying you before the system runs completely out of fluid. This failsafe function is an exclusive feature only available on AEM Water/Methanol Injection systems. Heavy Duty Recirculation-Style Pump Now with integral fittings, AEM's recirculation-style pump offers improved performance, reliability and a much smoother, quieter operation when compared to older switched-style pumps. With the use of a new internal bypass design, AEM's upgraded pump eliminates erratic on and off switching/pulsing and ensures consistent fluid delivery for optimum performance. With durability and reliability in mind, AEM has designed the pump with a Santoprene diaphragm and EPDM seals to withstand the harshest of alcohol mixes. Legal in California only for racing vehicles which may never be used upon a highway. Important Safety Notice Regarding Methanol AEM strongly recommends that users never exceed a 50% methanol concentration when using any AEM Water Methanol system or component. All AEM Water/Meth injection systems and components (pump, lines, fittings, filter, flow sensor, tank, and nozzles) are 100% chemically compatible with methanol. However, for safety reasons we strongly recommend that users never use more than a 50% methanol concentration in our systems. Methanol is a toxic and highly flammable chemical. 100% Methanol ignites easily and burns vigorously with an almost undetectable flame. Methanol can be absorbed through the skin and even small amounts can cause blindness or even death. Using this fluid at high pressures, without dilution, in an under-hood environment with nylon lines and push-to-connect fittings is very unsafe. The performance advantages of using greater than 50% methanol concentrations are small, if they exist at all. However, the safety issues are very real and far out weigh any perceived benefit of running high concentrations of methanol. WARNING! Improper installation and/or adjustment of this product can result in major engine/vehicle damage. For technical assistance visit our forum at http://forum.aempower.com/forum/index.php or visit our dealer locator http://www.aemelectronics.com/dealer_locator.php to find a professional installer/tuner near you. Note: AEM holds no responsibility for any engine damage or personal injury that results from the misuse of this product, including but not limited to injury or death caused by the mishandling of methanol.

http://www.aemelectronics.com/engine-management-systems-9/infinity-stand-alone-programmable-engine-management-system-90/ CLICK HERE for an overview of the Infinity EMS including detailed images, software layouts and system functionality. CLICK HERE to locate an AEM Infinity Authorized Retailer The Infinity EMS represents a quantum leap in technological capability over virtually all existing engine management controllers available today and eases the tuning process for even the most sophisticated engine combinations. It is quite possibly the most advanced programmable engine controller available. SELECTING THE RIGHT INFINITY EMS Infinity EMS modules are designed for maximum flexibility across many types of applications. Because of its flexibility and its sealed, weatherproof connection design, the ECU modules and harnesses are sold separately for both Supported and Plug & Play applications. Choose the ideal Infinity ECU based on your application’s ignition and fuel injector output requirements using the Infinity Specifications Chart, and then choose between our available Plug & Play or Universal harnesses to create the Infinity solution that suits your specific needs. SUPPORTED VS. PLUG & PLAY APPLICATIONS The Infinity ECU delivers comparable tuning functionality regardless of application type. It is available for a wide variety of applications in two distinct forms: Supported Applications Infinity Supported applications refer to an engine family or cam/crank pattern for which the Infinity ECU has been tested and validated to run. However, certain ancillary vehicle systems (such as factory instrument clusters, automatic transmissions, and certain drive by wire throttles), may not be supported. The setup Wizard included with the InfinityTuner user interface software dramatically simplifies initial tuning configuration to help ensure successful initial startup for Supported applications. Wiring will be required for Supported applications. AEM offers Universal wiring harnesses in several iterations and detailed application-specific wiring instructions/schematics. CLICK HERE for a current list of Infinity applications and available wiring harnesses Plug & Play Applications Infinity Plug & Play applications are available for select vehicles. Plug & Play applications support a vehicle’s engine and most other ancillary vehicle systems, and include application-specific start up calibrations. The Infinity Plug & Play harness (sold separately) connects directly into the vehicle’s factory ECU harness and requires no additional wiring. CLICK HERE for a current list of Infinity applications and available wiring harnesses ENGINE CONTROLLER PROCESSING POWER There are 2 powerful processors at the heart of the Infinity EMS. The primary automotive MCU is a 200 MHz, 32 bit processor running a programmable-state machine on a real-time operating system. It features a full 32-bit floating point unit with a math co-processor. Translated into Millions of Instructions (or ‘thoughts’) Per Second (MIPS), it is able to process 400 MIPS. The average aftermarket EMS has less than 50 MIPS processing power. A secondary 20 MHz automotive MCU is also included for intelligent on-board power management and future peripheral I/O growth. MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY Infinity uses the latest printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing processes for Ball Grid Array (BGA) and Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) components. Its PCB size is roughly 5.5” x 5.5”. RELIABILITY The Infinity EMS is constructed using automotive-rated components designed to withstand the harshest racing environments, and it features an advanced wear-leveling strategy for flash memory to ensure a lifetime of reliable performance. The enclosure and connectors are sealed and suitable for engine bay mounting. InfinityTuner USER INTERFACE SOFTWARE InfinityTuner, the Infinity’s user interface software, is optimized for speed and performance with super high-resolution 3D graphics, and features user-selectable control types for custom layouts. An ECU Setup Wizard takes complex calibration setup work and simplifies it through a smart interface. The Infinity’s data logging playback mode allows for calibration editing and all controls are synched to the logged data. This allows you to edit calibration data exactly where you need to and minimize your tuning time. AEMdata, AEM’s new advanced data logging analysis software is also included. AIRFLOW MODEL BASED CALCULATIONS Infinity system base models are airflow based and feature various modes for calculating air flow. This eliminates many of the lookup and trim tables (Correction Tables) which are necessary in previous generation ECUs. Infinity’s model based systems calculate an engine’s requirements in real time based on an advanced engine control model. The development environment used to generate the models in the Infinity EMS does not require the developer to write code. ULTRA-HIGH RESOLUTION FUEL CONTROL The Infinity EMS calculates injector pulsewidth in units of 1/10th of a microsecond. There are 1,000 microseconds in one millisecond. A millisecond is a lifetime to the hardware on this unit. This is fuel control resolution to 0.0000001 second. ACCURATE IGNITION TIMING UNDER ANY CONDITION The Infinity EMS has NO practical crank tooth resolution limit. Infinity’s software continuously calculates engine acceleration in between the teeth edges to predict accurate firing locations even under the most adverse conditions like high compression cranking and high engine acceleration rates. The Infinity EMS’s back-end timing code is tested to 100,000 RPM. LIGHTNING-FAST DATA LOGGING Infinity’s logging feature supports 2 different file systems depending on the required logging performance. A standard FAT file system will support 10 channels at up to 1KHz, 20 channels at up to 500Hz or 100 channels at up to 200Hz. For even more performance, a custom file system option will support 100 channels at up to 1 KHz using a high performance USB flash drive (not included). The Infinity includes a 4GB USB memory stick and the user can replace this with up to 64GB. Additionally, the user can also log direct to the PC at up to 500Hz when connected. AEMdata DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AEMdata provides an advanced interface for viewing the log files generated by the Infinity EMS. CLICK HERE for more information. DUAL INTERNAL WIDEBAND CONTROLLER A 2-channel Bosch wideband controller is built into the Infinity EMS. Closed-loop heater control is automatic and designed to optimize sensor performance and reliability. Full diagnostics software is included to ensure reliable operation. FLEX FUEL COMPENSATION The Infinity’s core control model is designed for flex fuel compatibility. It makes automatic adjustments for ethanol content and applies them to fuel flow, ignition timing and boost target (ethanol content sensor is sold separately). MULTI-FUEL CAPABLE The Infinity has the ability to run two separate fuel types simultaneously through staged fuel injection. This can be done by simply specifying the fuel type for each injection stage in the set-up wizard. DUAL KNOCK SENSING Dual knock signal conditioning circuits reside within the Infinity EMS and allow for precise measurements of knock levels. The Infinity can utilize both Piezoelectric and Flat Response type knock sensors. INTERNAL SIMULATOR A powerful input simulator feature is included that allows the user to simulate input channels to the Infinity EMS. By simulating operating conditions users can validate tuning changes before running the engine. REAL-TIME ADVANCED DIAGNOSTICS The Infinity EMS includes advanced sensor and I/O diagnostics, including current monitoring and feedback. The Infinity’s diagnostics software constantly monitors signal and current quality to alert the user of a potential issue before it creates the potential for engine damage. INTEGRATED ENGINE PROTECTION STRATEGIES Engine protection strategies are incorporated into the Infinity EMS. Available strategies are based on boost fuel cut, fuel pressure (injector flow compensated for variations in pressure, sensor required), oil pressure, RPM (rev limiter), coolant temperature, knock control with feedback and lean protection. COMMUNICATIONS Infinity uses the latest in high speed USB technology (up to 480 Mb/second). It features a fully-sealed IP67 connection system (Ingress Protection rating for total dust protection and submersion between 15cm and 1m) for PC communication and logging to a USB storage device. NETWORK INTERFACES Infinity is AEMnet enabled and will communicate with another AEMnet-equipped device and output to 3rd party dash/logger devices (not all 3rd party dash/logger devices may be supported). Call AEM technical support at (310) 484-2322 for more information. INFINITY EMS ADVANCED TUNING PACKAGE Certain Advanced Tuning functions, hardware outputs and sensor inputs (see “Advanced Tuning Package” below) are available for the Infinity Programmable EMS. The Infinity EMS's Advanced Tuning Package is sold separately. Please contact an Authorized AEM dealer or call AEM Performance Electronics at (310) 484-2322 for more info. PROFESSIONAL TUNER TRAINING Training for the Infinity EMS is available to professional tuners. Contact sales at AEM Performance Electronics at sales@aempower.com or call (310)484-2322. INFINITY EMS TECHNICAL SPECS (CLICK HERE for a printable Infinity specifications chart): •Up to 12 peak and hold injector drivers •Up to 12 (0-5V) ignition outputs •3 analog temp inputs (Additional 3 with Advanced Tuning Package) •11 analog voltage inputs (Additional 6 with Advanced Tuning Package) •7 digital inputs (Additional 1 with Advanced Tuning Package) •4 VR/Mag differential pair inputs (Additional 2 with Advanced Tuning Package) •12 configurable outputs (Additional 1 with Advanced Tuning Package) •Variable cam control (up to 4 cams, application dependent) •Dual internal wideband controllers •2 H-Bridge drivers for drive-by wire (Application dependent. Requires Advanced Tuning Package) •32 Bit, 200MHz 400 MIPS primary microprocessor •20 MHz auxiliary microprocessor •6” L x 6” W x 2” H (1.125” H w/o connectors) •24 Ounces/680.4 Grams •129 pin, fully sealed ECU enclosure and IP67 spec connectors INFINITY EMS FEATURES: •Compatible with most factory and performance aftermarket sensors •Includes start up configurations (supported applications only) •ECU set up wizard •User interface features 3D graphics •Internal simulator •USB 2.0 High-Speed communications •Tune using USB communication port (optional weatherproof extension cable sold separately) •High-speed USB data logging to mass storage device (4GB included, tested to 64GB) •Internal data logging playback mode on every channel, synchronized with all controls •AEMdata data analysis software included •2-Channel CAN included •Runs on Windows-compatible software INFINITY EMS CAPABILITIES: •Airflow model based calculations •Fuel control resolution to 1/10th of a microsecond (.0000001 sec) •Multi-fuel capable •Flex fuel compensated – fuel, ignition and boost with blend •Open-loop fuel pressure compensation •Ignition table, 20x20 •VE airflow table, map vs. engine speed, 20x20 •Configurable coil dwell (RPM, voltage and load based) •Individual cylinder ignition trim (RPM based) •Individual cylinder fuel trim (RPM based) •3D ignition trim maps (coolant and air temp) •VE-based engine startup •Real-time sensor diagnostics •Integrated engine protection strategies •Dual internal wideband controllers •Target Lambda table, 10x10 •User adjustable charge temperature blend (CLT/AIT, engine speed dependent) •O2 lean-out protection •Electronic boost control (time based or target based) •Idle control (stepper and pulsewidth) •Programmable traction control, 2-wheel speed or engine acceleration (4-wheel speed with Advanced Tuning Package) •2-channel adaptive knock control •2-step programmable launch control (3-step with Advanced Tuning Package) •No-lift shifting (Requires Advanced Tuning Package) •User configurable soft-cut rev limiters •User configurable anti-lag •Single stage wet or dry nitrous control coming soon (3-stage with Advanced Tuning Package, coming soon) ADVANCED TUNING PACKAGE: Advanced Tuning Functions: •No-lift shift •4-wheel speed traction control •3-step launch control •Drive by wire (application dependent, coming soon) •3-stage nitrous control (coming soon) Advanced Tuning Hardware Outputs: •1 high side driver (coming soon) •2 H-bridge channels Advanced Tuning Inputs: •2 analog voltage inputs (4 additional coming soon) •2 VR/Mag differential pair inputs •1 digital/frequency input (coming soon) •3 analog temp inputs (coming soon) AEM’s Infinity Programmable Engine Management System is legal in California only for racing vehicles which may never be used upon a highway. AEM's Infinity Programmable Engine Management System is legal solely for vehicles used in competition which may never be used upon a public road or highway. WARNING: This installation is not for the tuning novice! Use this system with EXTREME caution! The AEM Infinity Programmable EMS allows for total flexibility in engine tuning. Misuse or improper tuning of this product can destroy your engine! If you are not well versed in engine dynamics and the tuning of engine management systems DO NOT attempt the installation. Refer the installation to an AEM-trained tuning shop or call 800-423-0046 for technical assistance. You must also visit the AEM Tech Forum at http://forum.aempower.com/forum to ensure that you are using the most current information and software. NOTE: All supplied AEM calibrations, Wizards and other tuning information are offered as potential starting points only. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE ENGINE TUNER TO ULTIMATELY CONFIRM IF THE CALIBRATION IS SAFE FOR ITS INTENDED USE. AEM holds no responsibility for any engine damage that results from the misuse or mistuning of this product! AEM Electronics: AEM Electronics 2205 W 126th Street Unit A Hawthorne, CA 90250 Phone: 310-484-2322 Fax:: 310-484-0152 Email: sales@aemelectronics.com Forums: http://forum.aempower.com/forum/index.php

version that would run a car entirely on water--no gasoline at all !!

The entire concept of running your car on water is based on bad science. The idea is to use electricity from the car's alternator to electrolyze water into HHO, a mixture of pure hydrogen and oxygen. This mix is fed into the intake air, where it is burned along with gasoline, thereby increasing your fuel economy anywhere from 15 to 100 percent--depending on which website you're visiting. Believe the hype, and those 1 to 2 liters of HHO streamed into the engine will double the fuel economy, clean the engine out, and maybe even grow hair. Plenty of these budget sites even claim their devices are efficient enough for a version that would run a car entirely on water--no gasoline at all. that the HHO injection is only an enabler for other devices and changes. The fuel savings doesn't come from the energy contained in the hydrogen as it's burned, which is what I've asserted all along was implausible. Giroux sells a system of modifications that disables the engine management's computer and makes the engine run extremely lean--as lean as 20:1. That's far from the normal 14.7:1. The hydrogen is necessary to let the ultralean mix burn completely, he claims. There's also a heater for the fuel to promote complete vaporization, and some additives for the fuel and oil to complete his system. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ivh0Q8JeLN0 http://www.youtube.com/user/savegassavefuel?feature=results_main http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQEZfdQdwaE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VnKjuIiN6w http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6BeckWE3l8 Giant 310 Plate HHO Dry Cell - 50+ LPM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHBv0Fbhh1c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDm7ECBuyJs here's an idea try a water spray in the air intake while running just hho the water will provide the expansion needed for conventional engines gasoline has alot more expansion but hho is hotter This video shows the effect 10+ lpm of hydroxy has on afr in a 350 chevrolet. Efi vehicles go to a default mode at wot to make afr rich http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rh1u2kZKdKo http://www.youtube.com/user/higherpoweredh2o

Federal-Mogul Advances Ignition-Advanced Corona Ignition System

New advanced combustion strategies can mean new approaches to creating that combustion event. Federal-Mogul has developed a corona ignition technology that can replace the spark plug with impressive results. Article From: Automotive Design & Production, Gary S. Vasilash, Editorial Director Share on facebookShare on twitterShare on emailShare on printMore Sharing Services6 Posted on: 11/14/2011 “Like the automobile itself, the internal-combustion engine had no single inventor. Two-cycle versions were patented by Stuart Perry, a New York inventor, in the United States in 1844 and 1846, and by Etienne Lenoir, a Belgian mechanic, in France in 1860. . . . Credit for being ‘first’ is generally given to Lenoir, because his engine was commercially successful. A major innovation of the Lenoir engine was the use of an electric spark plug powered by a battery and coil to ignite the fuel mixture of air and illuminating gas.”—The Automobile Age, James J. Flink, The MIT Press Note well that last sentence. Lenoir is credited with the electric spark plug. That was 1860. And pretty much, the spark plug that he invented is like the spark plug that is still in use in automobiles today. Sure there have been changes. Changes in materials. Changes in configuration. Changes in positioning. Changes in how the plug is powered. And so on. But pretty much, the spark plug is the spark plug. But as Kristapher Mixell, advanced corona ignition system development, Powertrain Energy, Federal-Mogul (federalmogul.com), there are significant changes underway in the combustion strategies that OEMs are applying as they work to meet CAFE standards that call for 37.8 mpg for cars and 28.8 mpg for light trucks by 2016—and that’s up from 33.3/25.4 mpg, respectively, for 2012. And the traditional coil-and-plug system may not be the correct means by which combustion can be ignited in these new approaches, such as stratified charge, lean burn, and using high levels of EGR. “We can allow these strategies to work more effectively and in regions and loads they were never able to run before, and to be a salable strategy,” Mixell says for what’s behind the development of the advanced corona ignition system (ACIS) that he and his colleagues are developing. Note the use of the word “salable”: this is something that is being developed for commercial deployment, not the stuff of white papers and fundamental research. As for the rationalization for why the ACIS is called for, he explains, “As you add more exhaust gas and lean mixture out, the mixture is more difficult to ignite, and it burns really slow. Because this is a spark ignited system, you discover that the way we’ve been igniting the fuel-air mixture for so many years works fantastic—I don’t want to take anything away from spark plugs—with today’s strategies.” Note the “with today’s strategies.” Mixell continues, “With a lambda 1 type mixture and certain areas of lean and EGR, it works quite well. But if you want to push these strategies further, you need something different.” Enter the idea for the ACIS. Actually, “the idea for the ACIS” sounds a bit too theoretical. Although Mixell says that it isn’t something that anyone can put into their production volume engines tomorrow, they’ve been working on this since 2007, and when we talk, in October, 2011, they are, he says, “on the cusp” of moving from working with the R&D folks at OEMs to working with the advanced people—the pre-production group. And while “the idea for the ACIS” sounds along the lines of “oh, that would be a nice thing to have,” know that they’ve calculated that through the use of the high-energy, high-frequency electrical field that ionizes the air and fuel in the cylinder, they’re able to generate rapid ignition and quick burning, which results not only in performance improvements (through more timely and thorough combustion, more work is performed) but—and here’s where it goes from being nice to being a real game changer—as much as a 10% fuel efficiency improvement compared with standard spark ignition. (Yes, one of the brands under Federal-Mogul is Champion, as in “Champion Spark Plugs.”) Mixell makes a quick run through engine design in recent years. During the ‘60s and ‘70s, the location of the spark plug in the cylinder was generally off to the side. “Not ideal for combustion.” But then when four-valve cylinders came in, the spark plug was centered. Mixell says that the improvement in performance of those engines was as much as result of the proper placement of the spark plug as from the valve-train arrangement. With time there have been improvements ranging from improved fuel injectors to more powerful engine control units. “Now we’re at a point where fuel-conversion efficiency is quite good. Spark plugs do a good job; burn rates are quite acceptable for combustion as we’ve been thinking about it.” But with the more advanced combustion strategies that are being developed, spark plugs don’t do quite as well under these conditions. Mixell uses a great metaphor: Combustion is “one big probable crapshoot.” If you have the perfect amount of fuel and air and the right timing, there is a high probability that you’ll have combustion. If you start removing fuel, the probability goes down. Add EGR and it goes down further. “You don’t want one roll of the die,” Mixell says. “You want as many rolls as you can get at one seating at the table. That’s what corona allows you to do.” Rather than a spark being created in a gap, there are multiple streamers of ions from the nickel-steel tip of the ACIS. (In effect, it looks somewhat like a Tesla coil—and interestingly enough, Nikola Tesla held a patent for a spark plug.) This increases your odds of more thorough ignition, even when the probability is reduced. (Mixell says that it works well when the engine is at lambda 1, but the real objective is to provide benefit under the conditions that can provide better fuel economy). Whereas spark plugs initiate combustion through heat, the ACIS does it via a chemical reaction (the fuel and air are ionized, react with one another, and then as a result release heat). “We’ve taken the approach that we want this to be easily integrateable into an existing engine,” Mixell says. In other words, they’ve developed the ACIS so that there are two parts, the igniter which resembles a spark plug and an inductor that is basically like an ignition coil. They’re using materials that have been long proven in automotive service. So it is designed and engineered to be swapped out with traditional coil-and-plug systems without major re-architecting. In other words, this is far from something that has been bread-boarded. When we visit they’re running the ACIS in one of the cylinders of a production 1.6-liter, turbocharged direct-injection engine to see how it performs compared to conventional spark plugs. And so far, very good. This looks like a spark plug. It looks that way by design. It is the igniter portion of the Federal-Mogul Advanced Corona Ignition System, which is being developed to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in engines running advanced strategies. The corona system on the left. Conventional spark plug on the right. If both are used in a cylinder to ignite the air-fuel mixture, which is more likely to reliably get it done?